Changes in Cabernet Sauvignon yield and berry quality as affected by variability in weather conditions in the last two decades in Lebanon.

Cabernet Sauvignon is the most planted cultivar in Lebanese vineyards. This study investigated the variation of its production at two vineyards 'Kanafar' (West Bekaa at 1020 m.a.s.l) and 'Taanayel' (Central Bekaa at 800 m.a.s.l) and their interactions with weather conditions from 2006 till 2018. Evaluation of climate records denoted interannual variability in weather conditions occurring in 2015 in Kanafar and in 2008 in Taanayel. Average yield peaked in 2009 in Kanafar (19,187.0 kg ha-1) and in 2011 in Taanayel (14,279.0 kg ha-1), both years marked a turning point after which values of average yield shifted downwards (by 31-67% in Kanafar, and 14-82% in Taanayel). At Kanafar, after 2015, averages of yield, weight of 200 berries (W200B), potential alcohol (PA), and total polyphenolic richness (TPR) decreased by 35%, 1.5%, 36.2 g, and 50%, respectively. In Taanayel, only TPR content in berries was significantly affected by varying weather conditions (decrease by 20%). Also, TPR values followed a progressive decreasing pattern starting from 2006 at both vineyards with minor exceptions. Multiple regression analysis assessed the relationship between various indicators and weather variables at each vineyard. It showed that the decrease in yield at Kanafar correlated with higher temperature during the growing season (by 0.6 °C), higher solar radiation from early-spring to early-summer (by 13.9-27.1 W m-2), and lower values of maximum wind speed during mid to late summer (by 0.4 m s-1), occurring during 2016, 2017, and 2018 at Kanafar. The model explained 60% of yield variations at this vineyard. Further, weather variables accounted for 61% (R2 = 0.61) of changes in PA and for 58% (R2 = 0.58) of TPR of berries at Kanafar. Conclusively, interannual variability in weather conditions had more serious negative influence on Cabernet Sauvignon production at Kanafar than at Taanayel, but had a similar negative influence on polyphenols accumulation in berries, and thus on potential wine quality produced at both vineyards.

[Status epilepticus in a pregnant patient with a previously unrecognized POLG-associated disease]. / Epilepticheskii status u beremennoi patsientki s vpervye vyyavlennym POLG-assotsiirovannym zabolevaniem.

POLG-associated diseases are rare causes of pharmacoresistant epilepsy and status epilepticus, especially in adult patients. Phenotypic and genotypic variability in these conditions causes the complexity of their diagnosis. In the study, we report a case of a 33-year-old female patient who developed recurrent convulsive status epilepticus with focal clonic onset at the week 22/23 of pregnancy. Intensive anti-seizure therapy was administered, including the use of valproic acid, as well as the treatment of somatic complications. Given the acute onset, the semiology of seizures, the presence of psychopathological symptoms, autoimmune etiology of the disease was initially suspected. A month after the withdrawal of valproic acid, the patient began to show signs of toxic hepatitis, which eventually led to death. According to the results of whole-exome sequencing obtained later, the patient was a carrier of a pathogenic homozygous variant c.2243G>C (p.W748S) in the POLG gene. The presented case highlights the importance of molecular genetic testing and the risk associated with valproic acid hepatotoxicity in patients with cryptogenic epileptic status.

Degradation of polymer banknotes through handling, and effect on fingermark visualisation.

The surface structure of mint (as-issued) and handled polymer five pounds sterling banknotes was studied by atomic force microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. A total of 1856 fingermarks on mint and handled banknotes from four different issuing banks (Bank of England, Bank of Scotland, Royal Bank of Scotland and Clydesdale Bank) were visualised with Vacuum Metal Deposition (VMD), Cyanoacrylate Fuming (CAF) and, on Clydesdale Bank notes, magnetic fluorescent powder. VMD was significantly more effective in developing fingermarks on handled banknotes, across all the banks studied, although effectiveness varied with issuing bank. For example, on handled Bank of England notes 45% of marks showed ridge detail with VMD development and 28% with CAF; for Bank of Scotland handled notes success rates were 17% with VMD and 1% with CAF. Microscopy of degraded banknotes showed the loss of intaglio printing and the formation of a cracked surface structure in the handled notes. These features can lead to the trapping of powder, or contaminants, increasing quantity of development agent in fingermark background between the ridges, decreasing contrast and decreasing performance of powder-based fingermark development techniques. These same features can restrict the migration of components of the fingermark, preventing fingermarks degrading through spread of material and thus reducing potential formation of empty prints, so that VMD development is not adversely affected.

Changes in Free Radical Processes under the Influence of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field in Rats.

We studied the effect of a low-frequency (LF) electromagnetic field (EMF) on the state of the antioxidant system of Wistar rats in vivo. It was found that changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes and H2O2 content in the blood plasma of rats exposed to LF EMF depended on the frequency of EMF. We propose a mechanism of the protective effects of low doses of ROS the generation of which is stimulated by LF EMF.

Relationship of Nutritional Status and Spirometric Parameters in Children with Bronchial Asthma.

The potential mechanisms of bronchial asthma (BA) negative modification under the influence of obesity are currently being actively studied. However, at present, the effect of nutritional status on bronchial obstruction in children with BA cannot be considered established. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to study the relationship of spirometric parameters reflecting bronchial patency with nutritional status in children with asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 54 patients with BA at the age of 8 to 17 years, 33 boys and 21 girls with different nutritional status. Assessment of nutritional status was carried out with the calculation of body mass index (BMI), relative body mass index (RBMI), and determination of body fat (% BF). Spirogram parameters were evaluated, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, maximum expiratory flow at the point of 25% loop flow-volume (MEF 25). RESULTS: Among the children examined, taking into account the BMI Z-score, 9.3% (5/54) had low body weight (group 1), 33% (18/54) had normal body weight (group 2), 31.5% (17/54) overweight (group 3), 25.9% (14/54) obesity (group 4). As the body weight increased, a statistically significant decrease in the FEV1/FVC ratio was observed, amounting to 84.6 [79.3; 90.0], 79.4 [76.6; 82.2], 74.6 [71.7; 77.5], 70.2 [67.0; 73.4]%, respectively, p=0.003; as well as a decrease in MEF 25 (% pred.), which amounted, respectively, to 95.6 [76.1; 115.2], 81.7 [71.4; 92.0], 56.3 [45.7; 66.9], and 48.4 [36.7; 60.1]%, p=0.003. A statistically significant negative relationship was found between indicators of nutritional status, including BMI, RBMI, % BF, and spirometry parameters reflecting bronchial patency, including FEV1/FVC ratio and MEF 25 (% pred.); all p<0.01. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity in children with BA, estimated both by calculated methods with determination of BMI and RBMI and direct determination of body fat content, are accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in bronchial patency.

[Long-Chain Free Fatty Acids Influence Lipid Accumulation, Lysosome Activation and Glycolytic Shift in Various Cells In Vitro].

Hydrophobic molecules may be toxic when present in excess. When dissolved in membranes, hydrophobic molecules disrupt membrane function. Studies on the effects of free fatty acids (FFA) on cultured cells contradict each other. Here we describe the effects of FFA on various human cells in culture. The addition of long-chain FFA (oleic, palmitic, linoleic, linolenic, etc.) to cultured cells led to lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and muscle cells, initiation of autophagy, and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Although treated cells increase their oxygen consumption, metabolic shifts in favor of glycolysis were observed. All these effects were expressed to varying degrees in different cells and with the addition of different FFAs. The mechanisms of these FFA effects are discussed, as well their practical implications.

PECULIARITIES OF EVALUATION OF THE ORAL FLUID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH LOCAL OR SYSTEMIC DISEASES.

The aim - in the given research, the difficulties in interpreting the study results of oxidative homeostasis of oral fluid are analyzed. Changes in the total antioxidant activity of blood and saliva can be multidirectional - an increase or decrease in the oral fluid indicator and a reduction in the parameter of blood plasma can be recorded. To resolve the emerging difficulties, there was proposed a parallel assessment of the dynamics of changes in the total antioxidant activity of blood plasma and oral fluid in the patients of 4 groups with nosological forms of fundamentally different in the distribution and localization of the pathological process, which include: phlegmons of the maxillofacial region, partial absence of teeth, type 2 diabetes mellitus and the pelvic inflammatory diseases. As a result of the conducted studies, it was shown that a simultaneous decrease in the total antioxidant activity of blood plasma and oral fluid was attributable to the chronic long-term somatic diseases of a systemic character with a significant metabolic disorder, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. A decrease in the total antioxidant activity of blood plasma and the unchanged oral fluid index was characteristic of somatic diseases of limited prevalence without affection of the maxillofacial region's tissues. In our case, such an example was a chronic inflammatory disease of the uterus with a combined course of bilateral salpingoophoritis. An increase in the oral fluid's total antioxidant activity on the background of a normal or even slightly reduced level of the antioxidant potential of blood plasma was characteristic of dental diseases. The latter situation was most likely for the dental profile diseases, in which damage to the oral tissues can provoke the leaching of cellular contents, including endogenous antioxidants or other components of regenerative activity in the oral fluid. Herein, changes in the antioxidant activity of blood plasma may reflect the prevalence of a pathological process at the systemic level or its limitation only to the dentoalveolar system's tissues and elements. As an example of such a situation, the patients with phlegmon of the maxillofacial region or patients with partial absence of teeth can be cited.

THz Smith-Purcell and grating transition radiation from metasurface: experiment and theory.

We report the results of experimental and theoretical studies of monochromatic coherent terahertz radiation generated by a short relativistic electron bunch interacting with a metasurface. The metasurface consists of subwavelength metal elements arranged on a dielectric substrate. The constructed theory explains the experimental spectra of Smith-Purcell radiation and grating transition radiation with very high precision. The orientational distribution of transition radiation shows a fine structure, which, as we suppose, may be due to contribution of coupling between the metasurface's elements.

Ultra-monochromatic far-infrared Cherenkov diffraction radiation in a super-radiant regime.

Nowadays, intense electromagnetic (EM) radiation in the far-infrared (FIR) spectral range is an advanced tool for scientific research in biology, chemistry, and material science because many materials leave signatures in the radiation spectrum. Narrow-band spectral lines enable researchers to investigate the matter response in greater detail. The generation of highly monochromatic variable frequency FIR radiation has therefore become a broad area of research. High energy electron beams consisting of a long train of dense bunches of particles provide a super-radiant regime and can generate intense highly monochromatic radiation due to coherent emission in the spectral range from a few GHz to potentially a few THz. We employed novel coherent Cherenkov diffraction radiation (ChDR) as a generation mechanism. This effect occurs when a fast charged particle moves in the vicinity of and parallel to a dielectric interface. Two key features of the ChDR phenomenon are its non-invasive nature and its photon yield being proportional to the length of the radiator. The bunched structure of the very long electron beam produced spectral lines that were observed to have frequencies upto 21 GHz and with a relative bandwidth of 10-4 ~ 10-5. The line bandwidth and intensity are defined by the shape and length of the bunch train. A compact linear accelerator can be utilized to control the resonant wavelength by adjusting the bunch sequence frequency.

Electronic Structure of Nitrogen- and Phosphorus-Doped Graphenes Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition Method.

Heteroatom doping is a widely used method for the modification of the electronic and chemical properties of graphene. A low-pressure chemical vapor deposition technique (CVD) is used here to grow pure, nitrogen-doped and phosphorous-doped few-layer graphene films from methane, acetonitrile and methane-phosphine mixture, respectively. The electronic structure of the films transferred onto SiO2/Si wafers by wet etching of copper substrates is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy using a synchrotron radiation source. Annealing in an ultra-high vacuum at ca. 773 K allows for the removal of impurities formed on the surface of films during the synthesis and transfer procedure and changes the chemical state of nitrogen in nitrogen-doped graphene. Core level XPS spectra detect a low n-type doping of graphene film when nitrogen or phosphorous atoms are incorporated in the lattice. The electrical sheet resistance increases in the order: graphene < P-graphene < N-graphene. This tendency is related to the density of defects evaluated from the ratio of intensities of Raman peaks, valence band XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy data.

Ion energy spectra directly measured in the interaction volume of intense laser pulses with clustered plasma.

The use of gas cluster media as a target for an intense femtosecond laser pulses is considered to be uniquely convenient approach for the development of a compact versatile pulsed source of ionizing radiation. Also, one may consider cluster media as a nanolab to investigate fundamental issues of intense optical fields interaction with sub-wavelength scale structures. However, conventional diagnostic methods fail to register highly charged ion states from a cluster plasma because of strong recombination in the ambient gas. In the paper we introduce high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy method allowing to study energy spectra of highly charged ions created in the area of most intense laser radiation. The emission of CO2 clusters were analyzed in experiments with 60 fs 780 nm laser pulses of 1018 W/cm2 intensity. Theory and according X-ray spectra modeling allows to reveal the energy spectra and yield of highly charged oxygen ions. It was found that while the laser of fundamental frequency creates commonly expected monotonic ion energy spectrum, frequency doubled laser radiation initiates energy spectra featuring of distinctive quasi-monoenergetic peaks. The later would provide definite advantage in further development of laser-plasma based compact ion accelerators.

[Outcomes of cardiac achalasia grade II-III management]. / Sposoblecheniia akhalazii kardii II-III stadii.

AIM: To analyze early and remote results of the new method of cardiac achalasia grade II-III management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Original surgical approach was applied in 21 patients with cardiac achalasia grade II-III. RESULTS: There were no any specific postoperative complications and deaths. Exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis, acute stomach ulcer and biliary peritonitis were observed in 3 cases respectively. All patients were followed-up within the period from 1.5 months to 5 years after surgery. Recurrent disease was absent. All employable patients have backed to work. CONCLUSION: According to clinical and instrumental data original surgical repair completely cures the symptoms of cardiac achalasia and restores normal esophageal dimensions and structure early after intervention.

The influence of topological phase transition on the superfluid density of overdoped copper oxides.

We show that a quantum phase transition, generating flat bands and altering Fermi surface topology, is a primary reason for the exotic behavior of the overdoped high-temperature superconductors represented by La2-xSrxCuO4, whose superconductivity features differ from what is predicted by the classical Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory. This observation can open avenues for chemical preparation of high-Tc materials. We demonstrate that (1) at temperature T = 0, the superfluid density ns turns out to be considerably smaller than the total electron density; (2) the critical temperature Tc is controlled by ns rather than by doping, and is a linear function of the ns; (3) at T > Tc the resistivity ρ(T) varies linearly with temperature, ρ(T) ∝ αT, where α diminishes with Tc → 0, whereas in the normal (non superconducting) region induced by overdoping, Tc = 0, and ρ(T) ∝ T2. Our results are in good agreement with recent experimental observations.

[Clinical and metabolic features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in men and women]. / Klinicheskie i metabolicheskie osobennosti nealkogol'noi zhirovoi bolezni pecheni u muzhchin i zhenshchin.

AIM: To evaluate clinical features and metabolic disorders in men and women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Migration of latent fingermarks on non-porous surfaces: Observation technique and nanoscale variations.

Latent fingermark morphology was examined over a period of approximately two months. Variation in topography was observed with atomic force microscopy and the expansion of the fingermark occurred in the form of the development of an intermediate area surrounding the main fingermark ridge. On an example area of a fingermark on silicon, the intermediate region exists as a uniform 4nm thick deposit; on day 1 after deposition this region extends approximately 2µm from the edge of the main ridge deposit and expands to a maximum of ∼4µm by day 23. Simultaneously the region breaks up, the integrity is compromised by day 16, and by day 61 the area resembles a series of interconnected islands, with coverage of approximately 60%. Observation of a similar immediate area and growth with time on surfaces such as Formica was possible by monitoring the mechanical characteristics of the fingermark and surfaces though phase contrast in tapping mode AFM. The presence of this area may affect fingermark development, for example affecting the gold distribution in vacuum metal deposition. Further study of time dependence and variation with donor may enable assessment of this area to be used to evaluate the age of fingermarks.

[The metabolic correction of the experimental alloxan diabetes by means of the antioxidant remedies].

The research concerning the effect of the remedies with the different antioxidant mechanisms on the indices of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as the thiol link of the antioxidant system and the functional detoxication system in modeling conditions of the decompensated alloxan diabetes mellitus have been presented. The research was performed on 105 white nonlinear male-rats with initial body weight (b.w.) 200-230 g, divided into seven groups. Group 1 has consisted of the intact animals. Group 2 (the comparison group) has consisted of the animals suffering from the severe alloxan diabetes mellitus (intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate at 10 mg/100 g b.w. three times, with an interval of one day, against fasting) without correction. In groups 3-7 diabetes mellitus has also been modeled. The animals of group 3 were fed by the diet with the supplement containing the antioxidant complex with high content of carotenoid substances (1 mg lutein per day, orally for a month before simulations of diabetes mellitus and for a month after). The animals of group 4 have been given the sodium dichloroacetate (15 mg/100g bw) with drinking water for the month before and a month after the modeling of diabetes. The animals of group 5 have been injected with the reduced glutathione (15 mg/100 g of b.w.) daily one week prior to administration of alloxan and until the end of the experiment, the animals of group 6 have been injected with the quercithin (10 mg/100 g of b.w.) and the rats of group 7 have been given the water with the reduced content of deuterium (91 mg/l) instead of the usual drinking water. The development of experimental alloxan diabetes mellitus in rats has been accompanied by the increase in blood plasma of glucose concentration by 6.9-fold, cholesterol and lipoproteins of low density by 66 and 100% respectively. The compensatory activity increase of the antiradical protective enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) as well as the concentration decrease of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes by 11% have been revealed. According to the data concerning the level of the molecules with medium and low mass in blood plasma as well as in erythrocytes, the evident endogenous intoxication has taken place. The performed researches have proved the presence of the significant hypoglycemic effect of the usage of sodium dichloroacetate, of the water with the reduced content of deuterium and of quercithin - the glucose concentration in these groups was lower than in the comparison group by 36, 33 and 47% respectively. In the same groups as well as in the group of rats injected with glutathione the hypolipidemic effect of various manifestation degree has been detected, the most evident in animals from group 7 in which all the indices except triglycerides haven't differed from indices of the control group. The usage of various corrective methods has also assisted the adequate functioning of the antioxidant system that has been proved by the normalization of glutathione content except of groups 3 and 6 in which its concentration was lower than the control indices by 25 and 12% respectively. Endogenous intoxication has been significantly lower in groups 4, 5 and 7 in which the level of molecular of medium and low mass in blood plasma was normal and only in erythrocyte mass was increased by 49-74% than in the control group. Thus, the data obtained prove the usage availability of the antioxidant remedies in the complex therapy in patients suffering from the diabetes mellitus. The most interesting is the usage of antioxidants with the indirect mechanism of action, i.e. the water with the reduced content of deuterium and sodium dichloroacetate. Quercithin and the reduced glutathione deserve attention as well, and considering the hypoglycemic effect of the first one and the metabolic effects of glutathione aimed at the functioning maintenance of the non-specific organism resistance, the possibility of the combined usage of both antioxidants should be taken into account.

Surgical treatment of the adductor longus muscle's distal tendon total rupture in a soccer player.

Only a few cases of adductor longus tendon ruptures have been reported in the literature and - there are no clear criteria for conservative or surgical treatment. A case of traumatic rupture of the right distal adductor longus tendon is presented in an elite soccer player, which was surgically repaired. The condition was managed conservatively primarily. However, after 2 months, a palpable mass remained on the medial side of the thigh, and the patient had pain after moderate everyday load and insufficient strength of the right leg during physical exercise. It was decided to explore ruptured tendon surgically and reattach to the femur. Full function of the right leg was achieved at 3 months after surgical repair. At 6 months postoperatively, the patient had returned to soccer at the same level.

[Influence of linseed oil and deiterium depleted water on isotopic D/H composition and functional antioxidant defense of the hepatobiliary system in rabbits with carbon tetrachloride intoxication].

The article presents results of studying the influence of linseed oil and drinking diet with a modified isotopic composition with low deuterium content on indicators of prooxidant-antioxidant system during modeling of liver toxicity. The research was performed on 36 rabbits (weighing 3.1-3.5 kg) which were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 consisted of control animals; in group 2, 3 and 4 in rabbits the liver toxicity was modeled by administration of CCl4 (intraperitoneally, in the form of a 50% oil solution, 1 ml per kg bw, 2 times a week for 30 days); nutritional correction using flaxseed oil (0.1 ml per 100 g bw) and drinking diet with deuterium depleted water (50 ppm) was carried out in animals from groups 3 and 4 respectively, for 30 days prior to simulation of toxic hepatitis and more throughout the experiment. Using the method of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry the influence of deuterium depleted water on D/H composition of the blood plasma, bile and liver tissues was determined: the deuterium concentration in these biological materials significant decreased. The most significant decrease in the deuterium content (30.2% compared with the control group) was found in bloodplasma in animals from group 4. The study of the state of prooxidant-antioxidant balance of the liver and bile showed oxidative stress at the local level, with the toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride. This was followed by EPR spectroscopy data pronounced increase of the number of paramagnetic centers in the hepatocytes by 5.4, 1.9 and 2.8 fold in animals of 2, 3 and 4 groups, respectively (compared to the indicators of the first group). There was also increase in the intensity of free radical oxidation processes in the bile with a simultaneous reduction of its antioxidant activity, which was significantly less distinct (on average 51.18-59.8%, p<0.05) in animals treated with nutritional correction, indicating that higher functional activity of protective systems involved in recycling prooxidant factors using dietary lipophilic antioxidants and water with low deuterium content. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that existing in the liver and bile autonomous mechanisms of regulation of the state of prooxidant-antioxidant systems are quite sensitive to the effects of antioxidant factors of lipophilic nature and shifts of isotopic D/H gradient, and suggest usefulness of the products that can affect these indicators to increase adaptive capabilities of the organism during intoxication.

NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN ELDERLY.

AIM: The study of the clinical course and metabolic disorders in patients nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) elderly. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 153 patients with NAFLD was investigated, including 97 men and 56 women. In comparative terms we studied clinical manifestations of NAFLD. All patients NAFLD was verified for the first time. We studied the functional state of the liver function, lipid, carbohydrate and porphyrin metabolism, insulin resistance. RESULTS: Revealed comorbid pathology, which is predominantly observed in elderly patients. Disturbances in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance hyperinsulinemiya and proved to be more significant in young patients. Disorders of porphyrin metabolism observed in most patients. Disorders are variable. Do young people have dominated the initial disorder, on the other hand more often in elderly patients were observed faction (later) porphyrin metabolism disorders. CONCLUSION: Studies suggest that the main pathophysiologic and pathogenetic processes of formation of NAFLD (insulin resistance and dyslipidemia) significantly more pronounced in younger patients. This fact suggests that NAFLD is mainly formed at a young age. Elderly patients have comorbid pathology.

[Possibilities of a software-based hybrid single photon emission computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of complicated diabetic foot syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To give the results of a software-based hybrid single photon emission computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (SPECT/MRI) in detecting osteomyelitis (OM) in patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-six patients (35 men and 41 women) (mean age, 59.4 +/- 7.1 years) with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and suspected OM were examined. The investigation enrolled patients with neuropathic (n = 25), ischemic (n = 13), and mixed (n = 38) DFS. All the patients underwent (99m)Tc-HMPAO/ (99m)Tc-technefit labeled leukocyte scintigraphy; magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 30 patients. The results were combined using RView 9.06 software (Colin Studholme). RESULTS: Labeled leukocyte SPECT to Diagnose OM yielded 255 true positive (TP), 38 true negative (TN), 12 false negative (FP), and 1 false negative (FN) results. The accuracy of the technique was 82.9%. The FP results were due to the low resolution of the technique and to the small sizes of the object under study. One FN result was detected in a patient with ischemic DFS because of reduced blood flow. MRI to identify OM in patients with DFS provided 20 TP, 16 TN, 4 FP, and 2 FN results. Its diagnostic accuracy was 85.7%. The relative low specificity of MRI was associated with the presence of FP results due to the complexity of differential diagnosis of bone marrow edema and inflammatory infiltration. Assessing 42 hybrid SPECT/MR-images revealed 21 TP, 17 TN, 3 FP, and I FN results. The diagnostic accuracy was equal to 95.9%. CONCLUSION: Thus, comparing MRI (90.9% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity), labeled leukocyte scintigraphy (96.2% sensitivity and 76.0% specificity), and hybrid SPECT/MRI (95.5% sensitivity and 85.0% specificity) showed the high diagnostic efficiency of the latter.